Krishna district was one of the oldest British administrated areas of Andhra Pradesh. It was formerly called Masulapatnam district and in 1859 when the ten Guntur district was abolished, certain taluks thereof were added to this district which was renamed as Krishna district, after the mighty river Krishna. Vijayawada City is the largest commercial centre of this district and also there is an important railway junction being connected to Delhi, Calcutta, Madras, Hubli, Gudivada and Machilipatnam. It has an Aerodrome at Gannavaram about 16 Kms away and a minor sea port at Machilipatnam. The second largest Bus Station complex in the state is also located in Vijayawada. Rivers The chief rivers of the district are the Krishna (length 1,280 kms) Muniyeru (Muneru), the Tammileru and Budameru. Krishna river debouches in to the Bay of Bengal at Hamsala Divi and Nachugunta in this district. The district contains small hillstreams viz., Jayanthi, Kattaleru, Ippalavagu, Upputeru, Telleru, Ballaleru, Nadimeyeru. Literacy Krishna district has recorded a literacy rate of 70.03. The district is well advanced in field of education. Fauna Krishna district the fails also merge at one time tigers and sambar were found on the Medasala Durga – ridge and on the Kondapalli and Jamalavayi hills. But they are very rare now. Panthers, Hyaena, Jungle cat, fox and bear are the carnivorous mammalian fauna represented. Among the herbivorous animal’s deer, spotted deer sambar and blackbuck are sometimes found in the interior inland forests. A migrant gray billed pelican is a protected bird in the Kollair lake boarding the Krishna district. The district possesses a large number of Murrah buffaloes and cows with Murrah stain.   Krishna district formerly known as Masulapatnam district. Vijayawada city is largest commercial centre of this district. Vijayawada  railway junction being connected with all metro cities. The chief rivers of the district are the Krishna, Muniyeru. Recorded a literacy rate of 70.03